Comparative Review of Peptide Groups

Weight Regulating Peptides

Peptide

Mechanism of action

Additional research hypotheses

References

AOD 9604

May stimulate pituitary gland to support metabolic function

No perceived impact on lean muscle mass
No perceived impact on food intake
Potential cell regeneration properties

Mark Heffernan et al, Endocrinology, Volume 142, Issue 12, 1 December 2001, https://doi.org/10.1210/endo.142.12.8522

Frank M. Ng, J Sun et.al, Hormone Research, February 2000, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=AOD%209604

Adipotide (FTPP)

May cause disruption of adipocytes (fat forming cells)

Potential increase in insulin resistance

Barnhart, Kirstin F et al. Science translational medicine vol. 3,108 (2011): 108ra112. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22072637/
Kolonin, Mikhail G et al. Nature medicine vol. 10,6 (2004): 625-32. doi:10.1038/nm1048. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15133506/

Tesamorelin

May activate GHRH receptors in pituitary gland to support increased GH and IGF-1 production

https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/tesamorelin-subcutaneous-route/description/drg-20074632

Growth Hormone Peptides

Peptide

Mechanism of action

Additional research hypotheses

References

Ipamorelin

May trigger pituitary gland to secrete growth hormone

Potential anti-aging action
Potentially increased collagen production
Potential for sleep cycle regulation

David E. Beck et al., International Journal of Colorectal Disease, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00384-014-2030-8

P.B Johansen et al, April 1999, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10373343/

Gobburu, J.V.S., Agersø, H., Jusko, W.J. et al. Pharm Res 16, 1412–1416 (1999) https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018955126402

Rogério G. Gondo et al, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Volume 86, Issue 7, 1 July 2001, Pages 3279–3283, https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem.86.7.7694

Sermorelin

May trigger pituitary gland, cAMP pathway, and calcium channels

May mitigate joint degredation
Potential for sleep cycle regulation
May encourage muscle cell development

Koutkia, Polyxeni et al. JAMA vol. 292,2 (2004): 210-8 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15249570/

Vitiello, Michael V et al. Neurobiology of aging vol. 27,2 (2006): 318-23. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16399214/

GHRP-2

May trigger pituitary gland, cAMP pathway, and calcium channels

May mitigate joint degredation
Potential for sleep cycle regulation
May encourage muscle cell development

Laferrère, Blandine et al. (2005): 611-4. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2824650/

Furuta S, Shimada O, Doi N, Ukai K, Nakagawa T, Watanabe J, 2004;54(12):868-80. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15646371/

Emanuela Arvat, et al, Peptides, Volume 18, Issue 6, 1997, Pages 885-891, ISSN 0196-9781, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0196-9781(97)00016-8

Hexarelin

May trigger pituitary gland to secrete growth hormone

Potentially weight regulating
May hasten tissue repair

Bellone J et al, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9801989/

Giustina A, et al, Regul Pept. 1997 May 14;70(1):49-54. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9250581/

Rahim A, et al, Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1998 Nov;49(5):659-64. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10197083/

GHRP-6

Potential to bind with GHS-R1a and CD36 receptors to stimulate growth hormone release and reduce apostasis

Potentiallly mitigates hypothyroidism
May increase energy output

Pimentel-Filho FR, et al, 1997 Mar;46(3):295-300. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9156038/

Frieboes RM, et al, . Neuroendocrinology. 1995 May;61(5):584-9. https://doi.org/10.1159/000126883

Cibrián D, et al, Clin Sci (Lond). 2006 May;110(5):563-73. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16417467/

CJC 1295 No DAC

Potential to bind with albumin and stimulate growth hormone secretion

Potentially weight regulating
May increase insulin sensitivity

Valcavi R, et al, Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1986 Jun;24(6):693-8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3098458/

Ito T, Igarashi H, et al. Peptides. 2001 Jul;22(7):1139-51. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11445245/

Teichman SL, et al, J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Mar;91(3):799-805. doi: 10.1210/jc.2005-1536. Epub 2005 Dec 13. PMID: 16352683. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16352683/

IGF-1 LR3

Potential to bind with IGF-1 receptors

Potentially weight regulating
May support metabolic function
May promote bone density

Anderson, et al. Molecular and cellular endocrinology, 464, 65–74. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5723243/ Naisi Li et al, Volume 157, Issue 1, 1 January 2016, Pages 282–291. https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2015-1546 William E. Sonntag, et al, The Journals of Gerontology: Series A, Volume 67A, Issue 6, June 2012, Pages 587–598, https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/gls115

PEG MGF

Potential to induce cell proliferation and growth

Potentially neuroprotective
Potentially cardioprotective
May hasten tissue repair

Doroudian G et al, Biomed Microdevices. 2014 Oct;16(5):705-15. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24908137/

Deng M, et al, Int Orthop. 2011 Jul;35(7):1099-106. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21057789/

Alec Walker. 20 Jul 2017. https://blogs.biomedcentral.com/on-biology/2017/07/20/hearts-minds-mice-men-mechano-growth-factor-new-tool-battle-age-related-neuron-loss/

IGF-1 DES

May stimulate excitatory synaptic transmission and cell growth

May support cognitive function in autism
May support memory recall

Anderson, Lindsey J et al. Molecular and cellular endocrinology vol. 464 (2018): 65-74. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5723243/

Autism Spectrum Disorder. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/autism-spectrum-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20352928

Ramsey MM, et al. 2005 Jul;94(1):247-54. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15985695/